Archive for the ‘Adaptations’ Category

Presenting: Paternal Primates

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Babies,Events,Primates

This year in honor of Father’s Day we are having a TOAD-ally Awesome Father’s Day event at the zoo and giving you a chance to name a Houston Toad in honor of Dad.

We have a lot of dads here at the Zoo and they come in (literally!) all shapes and sizes.  In the animal kingdom there is a great deal of variation in the level of paternal care given by dads.   Male seahorses, for instance, carry the eggs of their offspring inside their bodies, then hatch them and give birth to their live babies.  I know, weird, right?

Male seahorses carry the eggs of their young and then give birth to them. This is called ovoviviparity. Use THAT word in your next scrabble game!

Then there are the multitudes of dads in the animal kindom that “Conceive and Leave” as my colleague put it and have zero involvement in the care or rearing of their young.   Many other species fall somewhere between those polar opposites.  
     
But this blog isn’t about fish, even ones as amazing and mind-blowing as seahorses.  No, this is a blog about primates.  Otherwise I would have to change the title, and frankly it took me several long, agonizing seconds to come up with this one.  
 
The natural history of a species dictates the paternal and maternal roles, and within the primate group, the entire spectrum of care is exhibited.  Primates are nothing if not adaptable, though, so even within a species, individuals may show more or less paternal care than is usual or expected.   
 
Orangutans, for example, generally have little or nothing do do with their offspring.  Our male Doc, however, not only tolerates, but often enjoys the company of his son Solaris.  (Doc is also the father of our newest baby, Aurora.) Doc and Solaris even wrestle and play together once in a while.

Solaris and his dad Doc have a laugh together.

Some of the smallest primates, on the other hand, make the best dads.  Among the many species of marmosets and tamarins, it’s the dads who carry the kids around and provide day care.  Mom is there to provide milk and attend the PTA meetings, but dad is the main caregiver and transporter.

A pygmy marmoset dad and baby. Caution: The cuteness of this photo could cause permanent retinal damage!

And speaking of Dad-Of-The-Year awards, siamang dads are well-deserving.  Like tamarins and marmosets, siamang dads are very involved in the lives of their youngsters.  And since siamangs don’t leave for college until they are eight or nine years old, it’s a fair commitment on dad’s (and mom’s, too) part.  Siamangs dads help moms carry their offspring from about 8 months until about two years,  at which time the kid usually gets her first car and is embarrassed to be seen with either parent.

Our male siamang Boomer sadly recently passed away, but he was a prime example of a great siamang dad to his daughters Raya and Leela. Baby Leela plays on top of Dad Boomer while Mom Jambi looks on.

 

Siamangs and tamarins are (mostly) monogamous, so the male can pretty much count on his mate’s offspring having his genes.  It is to his advantage, then, to put a lot of effort into making sure the kid prospers and goes on to marry the football captain.

Chimps, on the other hand, live in large multi-male, multi-female groups, and since the ladies don’t “limit their options”, so to speak,  it’s basically anybody’s guess who the kids belong to.   Most of the time, child care is up to mom, but as the kids grow and learn how to be chimps, the involvement of the adult males is important.  Big brothers especially, play with and look out for their younger siblings, but most big males, even the tough guys, enjoy playing with the youngsters. 

Willie the Kid and two adult males play with each other. One of them is his dad, but since we didn't show them the genetic test results, they don't know that. In the foreground, Willie's mom Lulu wonders when she might expect dinner to be served .

It has even been recorded more than once in the wild that seemingly unrelated adult males have “adopted” very young kids when they have lost their moms.  They will protect and even carry the infants through the forest, looking out for them as best they can.  Now if that doesn’t warm your heart this Father’s Day, nothing will! 

Happy Father’s Day to all you Dad’s out there looking out for your little ones!

Celebrate Dad by giving him a memorable Father’s Day gift this year–name a Houston Toad after him!  With your gift, you help support the Houston Toads, a critically endangered species native to Texas.  Click here to learn more about Houston Toads and how you can further the Houston Zoo’s conservation efforts that help ensure their survival.

“Ape”titude!

Posted by in Adaptations,Primates

Apes (gorillas, chimps, orangutans, siamangs and gibbons) are very special animals that have unique adaptations that give them the aptitude to accomplish astounding tasks. An adaptation is a characteristic that evolves over time to help an animal be better suited to its habitat. These adaptations give animals the natural ability to do things that other species cannot. 
 

Willie makes a bamboo tool to fish for treats

 

 Every morning we wake up and get dressed. It is a simple task that we do every day with the only real tough decision being what we are going to wear. Not much thought goes into how we will put on those clothes. Now, imagine how much harder it would be to do those simple tasks without thumbs. Thumbs allow our chimps to hold onto sticks to get items out of the termite mounds. Having an opposable thumb is just one of several adaptations that apes and other primates have.
 
Apes also have a rotary shoulder joint which allows them to brachiate (swing) and hang from their arms. Some apes do this better than others. Gibbons can brachiate at speeds as high as 35 mph and can travel as far as 20 feet in one swing! So, maybe we should change the name “monkey bars” to “ape bars”.

 Come visit us this Ape-ril to see our fantastic animals display their ape-titude!
Written by Primate Keeper Tina Carpenter
 
 
 

 

Bee-lieve it or Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Birds,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Endangered,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop,Tropical Bird House

Blue Faced Honeyeater Photo courtesy of: www.plantbiology.siu.edu

Honeyeaters are important pollinators of many Australian flowering plants.  All 170 species of honeyeaters have a unique adaptation:  a long tongue with a brush-like tip that they use to get nectar from flowers.  The tongue can be extended into the nectar about 10 times per second!

Honeyeaters aren’t the only birds that help pollinate.  Honeycreepers, sunbirds, Brush-tongued parrots, and hummingbirds are just a few of the birds all over the world who are pollinators.  There are 2,000 bird species globally that feed on nectar, the insects, and the spiders associated with nectar bearing flowers. 

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join the Houston Zoo in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Bee sure to  record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

Bee-lieve it of Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Endangered,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop,Tropical Bird House

Bumblebee on Lantana

In the U.S., the economic value of pollination services provided by native insects (mostly bees) is estimated at $3 billion each year.  Bumblebees are highly efficient in pollinating many crops such as tomatoes, peppers, cranberries, and blue berries.  Yumm!  Best of all, most bumblebees won’t bother you unless you bother them.  When gardening at home, please consider using native plants.  Most of all, be kind to pollinators, consider going organic.  Insecticides tend to kill indiscriminately and will eliminate a lot of your pollinators.  The larger the variety of wildlife in your yard or garden (insects, birds, toads, lizards, etc.) the less “pest” insects you will have.  Naturally!

For more information on creating a native garden, visit: http://www.xerces.org/pollinators-south-central-region/

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join the Houston Zoo in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Bee sure to  record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

Bee-lieve it or Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Birds,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Endangered,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop,Tropical Bird House

 

Photo taken by Beatriz Moisset

Wait!  Don’t squash that bug!

Beetles get a bad wrap due to “messy pollination”.  No one ever taught them not to dedicate where they eat giving them the name “mess and soil pollinators”.  Due to sheer numbers, beetles comprise of the largest set of pollinating animals.  They are responsible for pollinating 88% of the 240,000 flowering plants globally!  So next time you stop to smell a Magnolia, think of your beetle friends!

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join the Houston Zoo in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Bee sure to  record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

Bee-lieve it or Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Birds,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Endangered,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop,Tropical Bird House

Photo taken by Jean-Christophe Vié

On the island of Madagascar, black and white ruffed lemurs are the main pollinators of traveler’s trees or traveler’s palm. These trees are typically 40-feet-high. They lemurs use their nimble hands to pull open the tough flower bracts. They stick their long snouts and tongues deep inside a tree’s flower. As a result, they collect pollen on their muzzle and fur, and then transport it to the next flower. The resulting fruits are a major source of food. It appears that no other creature has the strength and nimbleness to pollinate the palm. This gives the black and white ruffed lemur the award of the world’s largest pollinator!

For more information go to: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/unusual.shtml

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join the Houston Zoo in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Bee sure to  record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

Bee-lieve it or Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Birds,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Endangered,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop

Endangered Species Chocolate

What would a life without pollinators look like…Well a world with out chocolate!  That would be a pretty bleak world in my opinion.  Some of my favorite desserts are chocolate.  Others seem to agree because the chocolate industry brings in about $50 billion dollars a year worldwide!

Who do we have to thank for our delicious treats?  Bats and other pollinators!  Monkeys and other small mammals even help with seed dispersal.

Lesser long-nosed bat - Photo taken by Merlin D. Tuttle of Bat Conservation International

Chocolate isn’t the only food we can thank pollinators for.  Bats are the major pollinators  for bananas, dates, coconut, cloves, vanilla, Brazil nuts, avocados, and the agave plant (tequila)!

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join the Houston Zoo in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Bee sure to  record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

Bee-lieve it or Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop,Tropical Bird House

Male Leafcutter Bee

A fairly common bee in the Houston area is the leafcutter bee.  These bees are smaller than honeybees, grey and black, and a little bit fuzzy.  It’s easy to spot a female because the bright yellow pollen she collects from flowers is carried underneath her abdomen, not on her legs.  Leafcutter bees use leaves from various plants, such as roses, to help seal their nest chambers (this keeps the larvae protected while they grow).  If you notice semicircular patches missing from individual leaves in your garden, you probably have leafcutter bees around – but don’t worry, they don’t take much.  You can even build a bee house to attract these and other kinds of fascinating bees:  http://www.xerces.org/fact-sheets/

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join us in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Don’t forget to record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

Bee-lieve it or Not…

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Conservation,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Swap Shop,Tropical Bird House

Halictid Bee

You may be familiar with our country’s most widely utilized pollinator, the European honeybee… but did you know there are about 4,000 species of bee that are native to the United States?  Compare that number to the 5,000+ species of mammal in the entire world.

You can find about 200 bee species right here in Houston!  They are not aggressive and are great fun to watch – if you plant a pollinator friendly garden you might attract these little beauties to your own backyard!

 You can even build a bee house to attract these and other kinds of fascinating bees:  http://www.xerces.org/fact-sheets/

For more Bee-lieve it or Not facts, come join us in celebrating National Polinator Week on June 26th and 27th. We will have tables and chats from 9 a.m. – 4 p.m. all about our favorite pollinators.  Bee sure to  record your pollinating adventures in a nature blog to share at the Swap Shop!

National Pollinator Week!

Posted by in Adaptations,Animal Info,Children's Zoo,Conservation,Events,Featured,Insects,Mammals,Natural Encounters,Pollinators,Primates,Reptile House,Reptiles,Tropical Bird House

 

What is a reptile doing on a pollination page?  Well, normally we think of bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds as the major pollinators of the world, but did you know….

- There are 37 different species of lizards known to pollinate plants

- The seed production of agave plants (where tequila comes from) drops to one-three thousandth of normal when bats are not around to cross pollinate them

- On the island of Madagascar, black and white ruffed lemurs are the main pollinators of Traveler’s trees or Traveler’s palm

Come join us on June 26th and 27th to learn more about the pollinators around the world.  Meet-the-Keeper chats will be throughout the zoo to answer any and all questions about the pollinators you can see right here at the Houston Zoo!  Stop by and check out the tables supporting conservation efforts and activities throughout the zoo.

For more information on pollinators go to: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/unusual.shtml

For more information on Day Geckos check out www.nbii.gov. Photo taken by Dennis Hansen

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